Pepin III the Short - King of Franks(751-768)



Pepin III the Short - King of Franks(751-768)


Pepin III Le Bref maire du palais de Neustrie (ou de Soissons) et maire du Palais de Bourgogne 741-751, puis devient roi des Francs 751-768
epouse: Bertrade ou Berthe Au Grand Pied fille d"Heribert comte de Laon. morte en 783. cf: Dynastie Hugobertide
6 enfants:
- Charlemagne empereur d"Occident. cf: dessous
- Carloman roi de Bourgogne et roi de Provence et roi de Septimanie et roi d"Aquitaine Orientale et roi de Thuringe et roi de Hesse 768-771
- Pepin. mort en 762
- Rothaide ou Rothilde ou Gertrude
- Gisele religieuse. morte en 811
- Adelaide religieuse


Pepin III,

byname PEPIN THE SHORT, French PÉPIN LE BREF, German PIPPIN DER KURZE (b. c. 714--d. Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denis, Neustria [now in France]), the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed--first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II.

Background and kingship.

For years the Merovingian kings had been unable to prevent power from slipping from their hands into those of the counts and other magnates. The kings were gradually eclipsed by the mayors of the palace, whose status developed from that of officer of the household to regent or viceroy. Among the mayors, a rich family descended from Pepin of Landen (Pepin I) held a position of especial importance. When Charles Martel, the scion of that family, died in 741, he left two sons: the elder, Carloman, mayor of Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, and Pepin III, mayor of Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence. No king had ruled over all the Franks since 737, but to maintain the fiction of Merovingian sovereignty, the two mayors gave the crown to Childeric III in 743.

Charles had had a third son, however-- Grifo, who had been born to him by a Bavarian woman of high rank, probably his mistress. In 741, when his two brothers were declared mayors of the Franks, Grifo rebelled. He led a number of revolts in subsequent years and was several times imprisoned. In 753 he was killed amid the Alpine passes on his way to join the Lombards, at this time enemies of the Franks as well as of the papacy.

Numerous other rebellions broke out. In 742 men of the Aquitaine and Alemannia were in revolt; in 743 Odilo, duke of Bavaria, led his men into battle; in 744 the Saxons rebelled, in 745 Aquitaine, and in 746 Alemannia, both the latter for the second time.

In 747, when Carloman decided to enter monastic life at Rome, a step he had been considering for years, Pepin became sole ruler of the Franks. But Pepin was ambitious to govern his people as king, not merely as mayor. Like his father, he had courage and resolution; unlike his father, he had a strong desire to unite the papacy with the Frankish realm. In 750 he sent two envoys to Pope Zacharias with a letter asking: "Is it wise to have kings who hold no power of control?" The pope answered: "It is better to have a king able to govern. By apostolic authority I bid that you be crowned King of the Franks." Childeric III was deposed and sent to a monastery, and Pepin was anointed as king at Soissons in November 751 by Archbishop Boniface and other prelates.

Pepin and Pope Stephen II.

The pope was in need of aid. Aistulf, king of the Lombards, had seized Ravenna with its lands, known as the exarchate. Soon, Lombard troops marched south, surrounded Rome, and prepared to lay siege to its walls. So matters stood when in 752 Zacharias died and Stephen II became pope. In November 753 Pope Stephen made his way over the stormy mountain passes to Frankish territory. He remained in France until the summer of 754, staying at the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris. There he himself anointed Pepin and his sons, Charles and Carloman, as king and heirs of the crown.

The pope returned to Italy accompanied by Pepin and his army. A fierce battle was fought in the Alps against Aistulf and the Lombards. The Lombard king fled back to his capital, Pavia; Pepin and his men plundered the land around Pavia until Aistulf promised to restore to papal possession Ravenna and all the Roman properties claimed by the pope.

Aistulf broke his word. Again and again Pope Stephen wrote to Pepin of his difficulties. In 756 the Frankish king once more entered Italy. Aistulf was once more constrained to make promises, but the same year he died--of a fall from his horse--and in April 757 a new king, Desiderius, became ruler of the Lombards. That year Stephen II also died, and Paul I was elected pope. He, too, constantly wrote to Pepin asking for help.

But the King of the Franks had other concerns. He had to put down revolts in Saxony in 748 and 753 and a rising in Bavaria in 749. He was continually marching against rebellious Aquitaine. In 768 Pepin died at Saint-Denis, on his way back from one of his Aquitainian expeditions.

Pepin is remembered not only as the first of the Carolingians but also as a strong supporter of the Roman Church. The papal claims to territory in Italy originated with Pepin"s campaigns against Aistulf and the latter"s pledge to return the Roman territories. His letters also show him calling for archbishoprics in Frankish territory, promoting synods of clergy and layfolk, and as deeply interested in theology.

(E.S.D.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Ephraim Emerton, Letters of Saint Boniface (1940, reprinted 1976), an excellent translation, with a helpful preface; Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders, vol. 7 (1899), a full account of Frankish invasions; J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Barbarian West, 400-1000, 3rd rev. ed. (1967), history in Africa, Italy, and France; E. Dummler (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi, vol. 1 (1892); F. Kurze (ed.), Annales Regni Francorum (1895); W. Wattenbach (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum, vol. 2 (1888).


<I001437> Pippin III ("The Short"), King of FRANKS
<I001439> Father: Charles Martel, King of FRANKS
<I000594> Mother: Rotrou of TREVES
OCCUPATION: Mayor of the Palace
BIRTH: 714
DEATH: 18 SEP 768, St. Denis Monastery
Family 1:
<I001438> Bertha of LAON
<I000632> 1. Charles the Great, Emperor CHARLEMAGNE
<I012460> 2. Carloman, King of SOISSONS

Notes

Pippin was crowned at Soissons in 11-751 and consecrated King at St. Denis in 754 by Winfred (St. Boniface, b. ca. 675 in Devonshire, England, a monk who was commissioned by the pope to work in Germany, murdered in 754 by pagans, called the Apostle to the Germans; his consecration of Pippin was approved by the pope, wherein the church acknowledged his royal title and which Pippin rewarded by establishing the temporal power of the papacy). He extended Austrasian power beyond the Rhine and the Pyrenees, and his alliance with the church opened the way for restoration of the western empire (achieved by his son, Charles the Great). Pippin was the first king of the new monarchy which would take its name (Carolingian) from his great son (Carolus = Charles). A younger son, Carloman, received the southern half of his domains, but on Carloman"s death in Dec. 771 Charles siezed these lands.


<B013218> Pepin (The_Short) III CAROLING (King)
<B013221> Father: Charles Martel (The_Hammer) CAROLING (King)
<B013222> Mother: Rotrou (Rotrude) Chotrud BOURGOGNE
OCCUPATION: King
BIRTH: 714/715, Jupille,,France
DEATH: 18 SEP 768, St Denis Abbey,,France
Family 1:
<B013219> Bertha Bertrada de_Laon MEROVING (II)
<B023613> 1. Gisela CAROLING
<B013216> 2. Charlemagne CAROLING (King of Franks)
<B002021> 3. Carloman CAROLING (King of Franks)

Notes

He was the Mayor of the Palace, deposed the last of the Merovingian Kings and became the first King of the Franks of the second race, 751-768. He was also known as "Le Bref"; King of Neustrie and Frank"s King (741-768). He may have died on 24 Sep 768.


PEPIN III
byname PEPIN THE SHORT, French PÉPIN LE BREF, German PIPPIN DER KURZE (b. c. 714--d. Sept. 24, 768, Saint-Denis, Neustria [now in France]), the first king of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and the father of Charlemagne. A son of Charles Martel, Pepin became sole de facto ruler of the Franks in 747 and then, on the deposition of Childeric III in 751, king of the Franks. He was the first Frankish king to be anointed--first by St. Boniface and later (754) by Pope Stephen II.

Background and kingship.
------------------------------------------
For years the Merovingian kings had been unable to prevent power from slipping from their hands into those of the counts and other magnates. The kings were gradually eclipsed by the mayors of the palace, whose status developed from that of officer of the household to regent or viceroy. Among the mayors, a rich family descended from Pepin of Landen (Pepin I) held a position of especial importance. When Charles Martel, the scion of that family, died in 741, he left two sons: the elder, Carloman, mayor of Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia, and Pepin III, mayor of Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence. No king had ruled over all the Franks since 737, but to maintain the fiction of Merovingian sovereignty, the two mayors gave the crown to Childeric III in 743. (see also Index: Merovingian dynasty)

Charles had had a third son, however-- Grifo, who had been born to him by a Bavarian woman of high rank, probably his mistress. In 741, when his two brothers were declared mayors of the Franks, Grifo rebelled. He led a number of revolts in subsequent years and was several times imprisoned. In 753 he was killed amid the Alpine passes on his way to join the Lombards, at this time enemies of the Franks as well as of the papacy.

Numerous other rebellions broke out. In 742 men of the Aquitaine and Alemannia were in revolt; in 743 Odilo, duke of Bavaria, led his men into battle; in 744 the Saxons rebelled, in 745 Aquitaine, and in 746 Alemannia, both the latter for the second time.

In 747, when Carloman decided to enter monastic life at Rome, a step he had been considering for years, Pepin became sole ruler of the Franks. But Pepin was ambitious to govern his people as king, not merely as mayor. Like his father, he had courage and resolution; unlike his father, he had a strong desire to unite the papacy with the Frankish realm. In 750 he sent two envoys to Pope Zacharias with a letter asking: "Is it wise to have kings who hold no power of control?" The pope answered: "It is better to have a king able to govern. By apostolic authority I bid that you be crowned King of the Franks." Childeric III was deposed and sent to a monastery, and Pepin was anointed as king at Soissons in November 751 by Archbishop Boniface and other prelates.

Pepin and Pope Stephen II.
--------------------------------------------
The pope was in need of aid. Aistulf, king of the Lombards, had seized Ravenna with its lands, known as the exarchate. Soon, Lombard troops marched south, surrounded Rome, and prepared to lay siege to its walls. So matters stood when in 752 Zacharias died and Stephen II became pope. In November 753 Pope Stephen made his way over the stormy mountain passes to Frankish territory. He remained in France until the summer of 754, staying at the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris. There he himself anointed Pepin and his sons, Charles and Carloman, as king and heirs of the crown. (see also Index: Italy)

The pope returned to Italy accompanied by Pepin and his army. A fierce battle was fought in the Alps against Aistulf and the Lombards. The Lombard king fled back to his capital, Pavia; Pepin and his men plundered the land around Pavia until Aistulf promised to restore to papal possession Ravenna and all the Roman properties claimed by the pope.

Aistulf broke his word. Again and again Pope Stephen wrote to Pepin of his difficulties. In 756 the Frankish king once more entered Italy. Aistulf was once more constrained to make promises, but the same year he died--of a fall from his horse--and in April 757 a new king, Desiderius, became ruler of the Lombards. That year Stephen II also died, and Paul I was elected pope. He, too, constantly wrote to Pepin asking for help.

But the King of the Franks had other concerns. He had to put down revolts in Saxony in 748 and 753 and a rising in Bavaria in 749. He was continually marching against rebellious Aquitaine. In 768 Pepin died at Saint-Denis, on his way back from one of his Aquitainian expeditions.

Pepin is remembered not only as the first of the Carolingians but also as a strong supporter of the Roman Church. The papal claims to territory in Italy originated with Pepin"s campaigns against Aistulf and the latter"s pledge to return the Roman territories. His letters also show him calling for archbishoprics in Frankish territory, promoting synods of clergy and layfolk, and as deeply interested in theology.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Ephraim Emerton, Letters of Saint Boniface (1940, reprinted 1976), an excellent translation, with a helpful preface; Thomas Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders, vol. 7 (1899), a full account of Frankish invasions; J.M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Barbarian West, 400-1000, 3rd rev. ed. (1967), history in Africa, Italy, and France; E. Dummler (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi, vol. 1 (1892); F. Kurze (ed.), Annales Regni Francorum (1895); W. Wattenbach (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores Rerum Merovingicarum, vol. 2 (1888).

Copyright 1994-1998 Encyclopaedia Britannica


Pepin le Bref
Maire du Palais de Neustrie and de Bourgogne (741), maire du Palais d"Austrasie (747), roi des Francs (751).
(Pepin Carolingien)

Born about 715.
Died on 24th of September 768.
Parents
Charles Martel Carolingien, duc des Austrasiens ca 688-741
Rotrude ? +724
Marriages and children
Allied about 749 to Berthe au grand pied de Laon +783, with
Charlemagne 747-814
Carloman ca 751-771
Gisele 757-811

Notes

Berthe au grand pied
(Bertrade de Laon)
Died in 783.
Parents
Caribert, comte de Laon
? ?


Pepin III "the_Short" Franks

King .
(Pepin Franks)

Born in 714 - ,,Austrasia,France.
Died on September 24, 768 - St denis,Paris,Seine,France.

Parents

Charles Martel, Mayor/Palace 689-741
Rotrude Austrasia, Duchess ca 690-ca 724

Marriages and children

Allied about 740 to Bertrada "the_younger" "au_Grand_Pied" Laon, Countess ca 720-783, with
Charlemagne Holy_Roman_Empir 742-814
Rothaide *ca 744
Adelaide *ca 746
Gertrude *ca 748
Carloman Burgundy ca 751-771
Gilles *ca 755
Pepin 756-ca 761
Gisele 757-811
Ade *759
Allied to Leuthergis Franks

Notes

Morby p. 77: elected King of the Franks 751; reigned until 768
Stuart p. 129


<Y003862> PEPIN III THE SHORT
<Y003864> Father: Charles MARTEL
<Y002924> Mother: ROTRUDE
BIRTH: ABT. 714, Austrasia, France
DEATH: 24 Sep 768, St. Denis, France
Family 1:
<Y003871> BERTRADA OF LAON
<Y003859> 1. CHARLEMAGNE
<Y003863> 2. CARLOMAN

Notes

Pepin III, the Short (714?-768), Frankish king (751-768). When his
father, Charles Martel died, Pepin assumed the Frankish throne and
founded the Carolingian dynasty (751) after deposing Childeric III, the Merovingian king. He assisted Pope Stephen II by defeating King Aistulf of the Lombards and restoring territories, later incorporated into the papal states, to the pope. (New Book of Knowledge)
King Pepin III, "Le Bref", King of France, Major Domus of Austrasia
(Broederbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #3067)


Pepin III le Bref DE FRANCIE

(Pepin DE FRANCIE)
Maire du Palais, Roi
Born about 715 - Jupille BELGIQUE.
Died on September 24, 768 - 93200 Saint-Denis.

Parents

Charles DE FRANCIE ca 685-741
Rotrude DE TREVES ca 695-724

Marriages and children

Allied in 744 to Bertrade DE LAON ca 720-783, with
Charlemagne 747-814
Hermengarde *ca 750
Carloman II D"AUSTRASIE ca 751-771

Notes

Profession : Maire.du.Palais de 741 ŕ 751,
Roi des Francs de 751 ŕ 768.


FRANKS, Pepin III "The Short" of the (Mayor of the Palace).
b.ca.715 in Austrasia
d.24 Sep 768 in St. Denis, France
son of Charles "The Hammer" of Franks Martel (King of the Franks) and Rotrud (Chrotrude) of Alemania (Duchess of Austrasia), dau.of Lievin (Liutwin Leutwinus) of TREVES (Saint, Bishop of Treves)
m.Bertrada II "Broadfoot" (Bertha) of LAON (dau.of Caribert (Herbert Cambert) of Laon (Count of Laon) and Bertrada ) ca.740.
Children:
1.Gisela
2.Carloman of the (King of the Franks)
3.Pepin IV
4.Adelaide
5.Rothaid
6.Gertrude
7.Charlemagne "Charles the Great" (King of the Franks)
8.Bertha of the (m. Milon of ANGLERIA).

He associated with Leuthergis.
No known issue.

Notes

Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace of Austrasia and king of the Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned ca.743-751), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings. Source: "Pepin the Short," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved


Pepin I le Bref
Father: Charles Martel
Mother: Rotinde
BIRTH: 714, Jupille, Belgia
DEATH: 24.09.768, St. Denis, Frankrike
Family 1:
Betrada II (storfot) de Laon
1. Charlemagne

Notes

King of Frankerne fra 751. Le Bref betyr "den korte".


<G000105> "the Short" PEPIN (King of Franks)
BIRTH: 714, ,,,Austrasia
DEATH: 24 SEP 768, St Denis,Pends,Seine,France
BURIAL: Basilica,of,St. Denis


Pippin der Jüngere = "der Kurze" X
(Pippin X)
(Pippin Der Jüngere = "Der Kurze"...)

Born in 714
Died on September 24, 768, St. Denis

Parents

Karl Martell = Karl der Hammer X ca 676-741
Chrodtrud ? +ca 725

Marriages and children

Married to Bertrada = Berta die Jüngere X +783, with
Karl der Grosse = Carolus Magnus = Charlemagne 742-814

Notes

Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace of Austrasia andking of the Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish ruler CharlesMartel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of thepalace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-751), thelast of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crownedby Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them(754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna andother cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid thefoundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings.


Pepin III the Short King Of Franks
(Pepin King Of Franks)
Born in 714, Austrasia, France
Died on September 24, 768, Abbey of St Denys, Paris, Seine, France
Parents
Charles Martel 676-741
Chrotrud Of Allemania Dss Of Austrasia 690-724
Marriages and children
Married about 737 to X Leuthergis 715, with
Talendus Of The Franks 737
Berthe Of The Franks 739
Married in 740 to Bertrada "Broadfoot" de Laon 720-783, with
Charlemagne 742-
Rothaide Of The Franks 744
Adelaide Of The Franks 746
Gertrude Of The Franks 748
Carloman King Of Burgundy 751-771
Gilles Of The Franks 755
Pippin Of The Franks 756-761
Gisela Of Chelles Abbess Of Chelles 757-811
Ade Of The Franks 759
Notes
Pepin "The Short", King Of The Franks founded the Carolingian dynasty. Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, Pepin served as mayor of the palace in the Merovingian kingdom in France and Germany. In each case, the mayor was the power behind the throne. In 751, an assembly of the Franks deposed Childeric, the last of the weak Merovingian kings, and proclaimed Pepin king. Pope Stephen II, who ruled Rome, asked Pepin for help against the Lombard king, Pepin sent his army to save Rome. The Lombards had captured Ravenna. Pepin recaptured the city and much of the nearby territory, known as "the Donation of Pepin," helped build the political power of the pope. Pepin added Aquitaine to his own kingdom, and began many important religious and educational reforms. His son Charlemagne, carried on these reforms.

Source: "The World Book Encyclopedia", 1968, P245 "Royalty for Commoners", Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 129.
"Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists ...", Frederick Lewis Weis, 1993, p cvi.


Pepin "the Short", Franks
(Pepin Franks)

Born in 714, ,Austrasia,France
Died on September 24, 768, St Denis,Paris,Seine,France

Parents

Charles "Martel", Mayor Austrasia 676-741
Rotrude (Chrotude), Duchess_Of Austrasia ca 690-ca 724

Marriages and children

Married about 740 to Bertrada, Countess Of Laon, [QUEEN OF THE FR ca 720-783, with
Charlemagne, Emperor Of Holy_Roman_Empir 742-814
Rothaide, Princess Of ca 744
Adelaide, Princess Of ca 746-
Gertrude, Princess Of ca 748
Carloman, King Of Burgundy ca 751-771
Gilles, Prince Of ca 755
Pepin, Prince Of 756-ca 761
Gisele, Princess Of 757-811
Ade, Princess Of 759-
Married to Leuthergis, Concubine Of Franks


France, Pepin III le_Bref Roi
Birth : 714/715
Death : 24 SEP 768 St. Denis,,,France
Father: Francs, Charles Martel de_la Major Domus
Mother: , Chrotrud Rotrou

Marriage: 740
Laon, Bertrada de Broadfoot
Birth : ABT 720
Death : 12 JUL 783
[dau.of Laon, Heribert Charibert de Duc by Ecternach, Bertrada von]

Children:
1.Rothaid
Birth : AFT 740
2.Adelheid Rodthaid
Birth : AFT 740
3.Charlemagne Empereur
4.Neustrien, Karlmann II von Koenig
5.Chelles, Gisella de Abbess
6.Pippin
Birth : 759
Death : 761


Pepin le Bref
b.715, Jupille
d.24.9.768, St.Denis

m.Leutburgie

m.749 Bertrade(May 726, Laon-23.4.783, Choisy), dau.of Caribert II, Cte de Laon
1.Carloman
2.Charlemagne
3.Rothaide
4.Gisele
5.Pepin
6.Adelaide


Pepin III "The Short" Carolingians
King Of Franks
(Pepin Carolingians)
(Pepin Iii "The Short"...)
Born in 714, Austrasia,Austrasia
Died on 24 September 768, St Denis,Paris,Seine,France

Parents
Charles "The Hammer" Martel, "Duke Of All Franks" ca 675-741
Rotrude (Chrotude) Treves, Duchess Of A Rotrude ca 690-ca 724

Marriages and children

Married about 740 to Bertha II "Broadfoot" de Laon, Countess Of Laon ca 720-783, with
Charlemagne "Charles the Great" 742-
Rothaide ca 744
Adelaide ca 746-
Gertrude ca 748
Carloman ca 751-771
Gilles ca 755
Pepin 756-ca 761
Gisele 757-811

Married to Leuthergis Carolingians

Notes

!REIGNED: King of France (751 - 771)

FILE: Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright 1994, Columbia University Press. ; The Royal Line (Adamic Genealogy) March 1980, Albert F. Schmuhl

Mayor of the Palace of Neustria (741)

Known as Pepin the Short

Deposed by the last of the Merovingian Kings and became the first King of the Franks of the 2nd race.(Carolingians) (751-768)

!He was also mayor of the palace of Austrasia. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings.

745 Pepin fights the growing political influence of Boniface

750 End of Merovingian line in France: Childeric III deposed, Pepin Chosen King (-768)

"The Timetables of History, The new Third Revised Edition, by Bernard Grun, 1975"

Pepin the Short (circa 714-68), mayor of the palace of Austrasia and king of the Franks (751-68), the son of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel, and the grandson of Pepin of Herstal. He was mayor of the palace during the reign of Childeric III (reigned about 743-52), the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, Pepin deposed Childeric and thus became the first king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was crowned by Pope Stephen II (III) in 754. When the pope was threatened by the Lombards of northern Italy, Pepin led an army that defeated them (754-55). He ceded to the pope territory that included Ravenna and other cities. This grant, called the Donation of Pepin, laid the foundation for the Papal States. Pepin enlarged his own kingdom by capturing Aquitaine, or Aquitania, in southwestern France. He was succeeded by his sons Carloman and Charlemagne as joint kings."Pepin the Short," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall"s Corporation.


Pepin The Short King Of The Franks
Born in 714, Jupille
Died (Sep 24 768), Saint-Denis
Parents
Charles Martel, The Hammer, Mayor Of The Palace, King Of France 689-
Rotrou x +724
Marriages and children
Married about 743 to Bertha Of Laon, Countess Of Laon +, with
Carloman King Of France +
Charlemagne King Of France -

Notes

Mayor of the Palace; First King of the Franks of the second race
Mayor of the Palace, King of Neustrie and Franks" King (741-768)
752: by St. Boniface, he was anounted Archbishop of Metz
751-768: King of the Franks
741-768
shortly after 752: crossed the Alps, punished the Lombards, took from them all their territory about Rome and gave it to the Pope "to belong to him and to the bishops of Rome forever." That was the beginning of the Papal sovereignty. The States of the Church, as they were called, remained under the sovereignty of the Popes until 1871.


Pepin III "Le Bref", King des Francs
Born: in 714 Austrasia
son of Charles Martel and Rotrude=Chrotrud, Duchesse d"Austrasie
Married circa 740: Berthe=Bertrada de Laon, daughter of Charibert, Count de Laon and Bertrade N?

Berthe was for may years, at least since 740, the concubine of Pepin III. In 749 she convinced him to marry her. Note - between 742 and 753: Pepin III was baptized by the then future Saint Willibrod, famous apostle of Frisia and was brought up at the Monastery of Saint-Denis. He would protect the bishops. Upon the death of his father, Charles Martel in Quierzy-sur-Oise on 22 October 741, Pepin III received Neustria, Burgundy and the Provence. The next year, Pepin "Le Bref", whose surname was derived in the 9th. century because of his size, joined his older brother, Carloman in military operations in Aquitaine. They ravaged the region of Bourges and set fire to the Castle of Loches. By Autumn, they had pushed beyond the Rhine, defeated Duke Odilon of Bavaria and forcing the Allemanians to submit. In the year 743, they re-establish a Merovingian King by taking Childeric III from an abbey, purportedly one of the sons of Childeric II. In 744, Hunaud, son of Eudes, Duke of Aquitaine, undertakes his campaign in Allemania, crosses the Loire and destroys Chartres, burning its cathedral. The next year, he was forced by Carloman and Pepin III to retire at the Monastery of the Ile de Re. Hunaud"s son Waifre succeeds him. Pepin decides to free Grifon, his half-brother, and to thank him, Grifon joins a rebellion against Pepin, refusing Pepin"s offer of a dozen Neustrian countships. In 749, Pepin III forces the Allemanians in rebellion to submit as well as the Bavarians. Grifon escapes but dies that year on his way to seek the help Waifre, Duke of Aquitaine, near Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. The Merovingian dynasty comes to an end in November of 751 when Pepin III receives the Holy Oil from Boniface, Bishop of Soissons, thus becoming King. His wife becomes Queen of the Francs the same day. Childeric III and his son Thierry both are shaven and they are sent to the Monastery of Saint-Berton, near Arras, and the Monastery of Saint-Wandrille, near Rouen, respectively.

Pepin "Le Bref"s" first royal campaign was to put down a revolt of the Saxons succesfully completed by 14 October 753, and he conducted a successful campaign in Brittany the same year. He deposed Childeric III and forced the Lombards to yield Ravenne and Pentapol to the Pope. He becomes the first King of the Caroligian Dynasty. In 742, according to the Gesta Episcoporum Autissiodorensium, he deprived the Bishops of Auxerre of power and possessions, thus strengthening his hold over northern Burgundy. On 28 July 754 at the Cathedral of Saint-Denis, Pope Stephen II reanointed Pepin king, and anointed Pepin"s two sons Charles and Carloman and his Queen Bertrada, declaring the Carolingians to be the legitimate rulers of the Frankish kingdom. The Pope"s motive was embedded in his desire to have Pepin"s protection from the Lombards. While Pepin had been anointed by Archbishop Boniface, the recognition by God"s ambassador on earth made him the legitimate King of the Francs "by the Will of God". Pepin III, Charles and Carloman all were accorded the title Patricius - Protectors of Italy and the See of Saint Peter.

On 11 July 755, Pepin fixes the pounds weight of silver at a value of 22 cents. The Roman monetary system had long disappeared. This act marks the beginning of an accounting system to replace the then most-frequently used barter. Pepin on several occasions had to dominate the Lombards who constantly assailed Rome. By May of 756, Alstof, Chief of the Lombards, swears to leave Rome be and yields 22 cities. Upon his death, as the result of a fall from a horse, the papacy would govern Rome thenceforth. Other cities were still technically within the Byzantium Empire, ruled by Constantin V at the time from Constantinople. Relations between Pepin and Constantin were excellent, and there was even a question at one point of a wedding between Pepin and Constantin"s daughter, Gisele. This did not materialize, and Gisele became Abbess of Chelles. 760 marked the beginning of the 10-year War for the conquest of Aquitaine, between Pepin III and Duke Waifre. It begins by Pepin"s invasion of Berry, followed in 761 by the destruction of the castles of Bourbon, Archambault and Chantelle and the Francs also seize Clermont. While in 762, Pepin takes Bourges, Duke Waifre dismantles Poitiers, Limoges, Perigeux and Angouleme so that the Francs cannot take advantage of them. In 763, Pepin"s army lays the Limousin to the torch and massacres the population. By March of 767, Pepin"s army has invaded Aquitaine by way of Narbonne and occupy Septimania, Toulouse, Albi and Rodez. In February, 768, Duke Waifre is killed. Died: on 24 Sep 768 Saint-Denis, Seine, Ile-de-France, France, Some 7 months after having defeated Duke Waifre of Aquitaine, Pepin III, in accordance with the Franc customs, divided his Kingdom between his two sons, Charles and Carloman.


Pepin "Le Bref" (° Jupille, v. 715-Saint-Denis, 14.09.768), maire du Palais de Neustrie, de Bourgogne et de Provence (741), roi de Soissons (Neustrie) (751-768), roi de France (752) ep. v. 740, Bertrade de Laon, dite "Berthe aux Grands-Pieds" (? Choisy-au-Bac (Oise), 783), fille de Caribert, comte de Laon. Dont :
1. Charlemagne, empereur des Romains, qui suit.
2. Carloman (° 751-Samoussy, 4.12.771), roi de Bourgogne, de Provence, de Septimanie et d"Aquitaine orientale (768-771), roi des Francs ep. Gerberge, fille de Didier, roi des Lombards. Dont :
3. Pepin (° 756-762).
4. Gisele (° 757-811), religieuse.
5. Adelaide, religieuse.
6. Gertrude.


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